Hurricane Maria, which pummeled Puerto Rico in September 2017, is likely responsible for the deaths of more than 4,600 people, some 70 times higher than official estimates, U.S. researchers said Tuesday.
The government-provided death toll stands at just 64, but experts say an accurate count was complicated by the power outages and widespread devastation wreaked by the storm, which caused $90 billion in damages and is ranked as the third costliest cyclone in the United States since 1900.
Earlier independent investigations have put the true toll at closer to 1,000. But the latest estimates, compiled by researchers at Harvard University, came back far higher — at 4,645 deaths from the day of the storm, September 20, until December 31, 2017.
For comparison, the death toll from 2005’s Hurricane Katrina — the costliest hurricane in U.S. history — was far lower, and estimated at 1,833.
Most deaths after Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico are blamed on interruptions in medical care due to power outages and blocked or washed out roads, said the report published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
“Approximately one-third of post-hurricane deaths were reported by household members as being caused by delayed or prevented access to medical care,” said the report.
Methodology
Researchers went door-to-door at 3,299 homes randomly selected from across the U.S. territory, home to some 3.3 million people.
Survey-takers used criteria from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to determine if a person’s death could be blamed on the hurricane.
By definition, this could be either forces related to the event such as flying debris, or unsafe or unhealthy conditions in the three months afterward including loss of necessary medical services.
The surveys were taken from January to February 2018, a time when, researchers noted, “many survey respondents were still without water and electricity.”
To avoid bias, people were not paid for their responses, and were informed that their answers would not gain them any additional government aid.
If a family member was reported missing but not known to be deceased, researchers counted them as alive.
The data showed a 62 percent increase in the mortality rate in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria, compared to the same period a year earlier, corresponding to a total of 4,645 deaths. Even this is believed to be a “substantial underestimate” of the actual death count, said the report, noting it could be above 5,700.
“Our estimates are roughly consistent with press reports that evaluated deaths in the first month after the hurricane,” it added. “On average, households went 84 days without electricity, 64 days without water, and 41 days without cellular telephone coverage.”
Researchers said they were unable to compare their estimates with the latest government count, because their request for access to those figures was denied. The government of Puerto Rico stopped publicly sharing its data on hurricane deaths in December 2017.
“These numbers will serve as an important independent comparison to official statistics from death registry data, which are currently being re-evaluated, and underscore the inattention of the US government to the frail infrastructure of Puerto Rico,” concluded the report.