The E.U. on Wednesday launched fresh action against Poland over its controversial judicial reforms, saying a new disciplinary regime for judges would have a “chilling effect” on legal freedoms.
And it fired off a warning to Romania’s government over controversial proposed judicial reforms there.
In the latest round of the bitter tussle between Brussels and the right-wing government in Warsaw, the E.U. said that under the new system judges would be punished simply for doing their jobs independently.
Poland has been at loggerheads with the bloc over the sweeping reforms its government insists are needed to tackle corruption and overhaul a judicial system still haunted by the communist era.
The E.U. has already launched unprecedented proceedings against Poland over “systemic threats” to the rule of law that could see its E.U. voting rights suspended.
European Commission Vice-President Frans Timmermans said a new infringement procedure had been set in motion over disciplinary rules for judges.
“The main objective of this disciplinary regime is — as with the rest of the judicial reform — to systematically subject judges to the political control of the executive,” Timmermans said.
Why This Matters
Polish judges who have taken part in public debates or commented on the reforms have been targeted by disciplinary officers, Timmermans said, along with those asking for rulings from the European Court of Justice.
“All this has an obvious chilling effect on the activities of judges, and this is incompatible with the requirements of judicial independence as detailed by the European Court of Justice,” he told reporters.
“The position of individual judges is at risk, with the careers and means of living being endangered for the mere fact of trying to do their jobs independently.”
What’s Next
The commission, the bloc’s executive arm, will write to the Polish authorities and expect a reply within two months, Timmermans said. The procedure could end up with Poland being hit with financial penalties.
Warsaw is already facing two similar procedures, one launched in July 2017 over reforms to lower courts and one from July 2018 relating to Supreme Court changes. Both of them have been referred to the ECJ.
These procedures are parallel to but separate from the more serious rule of law proceedings which the commission began in December 2017.
Timmermans also fired a stern warning at Romania over its own judicial reforms.
The commission would “act swiftly” if Bucharest took any more steps to give “de facto impunity” to high officials sentenced for corruption, he said.
Romanian Prime Minister Viorica Dancila voiced surprise at Timmermans’ statement, saying it was “not based on the actual reality” and pledging to seek talks with him to resolve the issue.
Separately 12 countries calling themselves “major partners” of Romania — Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the United States — issued a statement expressing deep concerns about Bucharest’s reforms.
More on the Subject
Steven Wolinetz, a professor of political science at Memorial University who has recently edited a book on right-wing populism in Europe, told The Globe Post that other than imposing article seven, there is “very little” the E.U. can do to penalize Poland for its reforms.
“Unless you somehow suspend them from the single market for goods and services … then the sanction is you’re excluded from certain decision making or maybe you get the cold shoulder,” Wolinetz said. “Poland’s leaders will say ‘so what?’ … They don’t have a heck of a lot of clout anyway … life will go on.”