Ecuador began counting the cost Monday of 12 days of indigenous protests against fuel hikes that left eight demonstrators dead and severely dented President Lenin Moreno‘s austerity program.
Moreno and indigenous leaders reached an agreement Sunday after the president pledged to withdraw subsidy cuts, known as Decree 883, that had more than doubled fuel prices.
The cuts were part of an austerity package mandated by the International Monetary Fund in order for the government to obtain a $4.2 billion loan from the.
Moreno wrote on Twitter that the original plan would be replaced by new measures that “contain mechanisms to focus resources on those who need them most.”
Under the deal, indigenous umbrella group CONAIE called off protests that brought major unrest to the capital and forced Moreno to relocate his government hundreds of miles away to the second city Quayaquil.
Thousands of indigenous people began leaving Quito on Monday in convoys of trucks, returning to communities in the Andes and the Amazon rainforest that they left more than a week ago to vent their outrage at the government’s program.
The ombudsman’s office reported that 1,340 people had been injured in the protests, some of whom were in critical condition, while 1,192 people had been detained.
The protests caused an estimated $1.5 billion in losses, according to head of the Ecuadorian Business Committee Patricio Alarcon.
Talks Break Through
Sunday’s breakthrough after four hours of talks was announced by an official from the United Nations, which mediated negotiations along with the Catholic Church.
The top U.S. diplomat for Latin America, Michael Kozak, said the agreement “shows the power of peaceful dialogue and will help bring stability back to the country and prosperity to its people.”
Venezuela’s President Nicolas Maduro, whom Moreno accused, without evidence, of colluding with ex-president Rafael Correa to stoke indigenous unrest, welcomed “a historic victory over the IMF.”
“I congratulate the Ecuadoran people because they have achieved a historic victory over the IMF, by getting the derogation of Decree 883,” Maduro said on Twitter.
Crackdown on Opposition
Maduro and the Belgium-based Correa scoffed at Moreno’s claims that they tried to mount a coup to depose him, but Moreno wasted no time in moving against Correa allies.
Police on Monday arrested the governor of Quito’s surrounding province of Pichincha, Paula Pabon.
“Today they entered my house at dawn and knocked down the door while I was sleeping. They took me into detention without evidence. Being an opposition in a democracy cannot be a crime. It is not a democracy when political opponents are persecuted in this way,” Pabón said.
They also raided the house of former lawmaker Virgilio Hernandez, while another lawmaker, Gabriela Rivandeneira, took refuge in the Mexican embassy in Quito on Saturday.
“Peace has been restored and put a stop to the Correa-ist coup,” Moreno said on Twitter.
Difficult Recovery
However, the political, economic and social recovery is likely to be long and difficult.
The government had slashed fuel subsidies in order to save $1.3 billion a year but will now have to find the savings elsewhere.
“It’s going to be very difficult to recover from the fracture caused by the protests,” warned indigenous expert Pablo Romero.
Romero, of Quito’s Salesian University, said the indigenous people – 25 percent of Ecuador’s 17.3 million population – had won a “symbolic” victory, but the protests had exposed deep rifts and “racism” in the country.
The protest had cost all sides dearly, he said.
“The government, because all its weaknesses were exposed; the CONAIE, because divisions in its leadership became apparent; and the country itself,” Romero said.