France, Macron in Spotlight Over 'High-Stakes' Libya Policy

Libyan Prime Minister Fayez al-Sarraj, head of the internationally-recognized government in Tripoli, angrily denounced France on Wednesday for supporting rival Khalifa Haftar, underlining the growing diplomatic tensions over the recent fighting there.

Speaking to French daily Liberation, Sarraj denounced Paris for backing a “dictator” in his harshest criticism yet of French diplomacy.

France has long been suspected of backing Haftar, a former army field marshal based in eastern Libya, who heads the self-styled Libyan National Army and has gradually expanded his territory.

On April 4, Haftar launched a drive towards Tripoli where Sarraj’s U.N.-recognized government is based, triggering fighting that has claimed 264 lives and left more than 1,200 wounded.

“We are surprised that France does not support our government that is democratic, but supports a dictator,” Sarraj told Liberation.

“When [French president] Emmanuel Macron called me, I warned him that public opinion was against France. We don’t want Libyans to hate France. France still has a positive and important role to play,” he said.

In a separate interview with the Le Monde newspaper on Monday, Sarraj said France was partly to blame for Haftar’s offensive on Tripoli.

“The disproportional support from France towards Haftar is what made him decide to take action and abandon the political process,” he said.

France publicly denies supporting Haftar, saying it has contact with all the actors in war-ravaged Libya where a complex mosaic of militias and political factions are competing for advantage.

‘A Big Shock’

France has long had links with Haftar, who was invited to Paris alongside Sarraj in 2017, in what was seen as an ambitious gamble by Macron shortly after he was elected president.

That marked the beginning of Haftar’s appearance on the international stage and last year, he was invited back to a major peace conference of the various factions in Paris which helped legitimize him.

#Libya: The heavy shelling of civilian neighborhoods and rising number of casualties in recent days is deeply alarming.Civilian lives must be protected. Attacks targeting civilian structures including residential homes and schools are prohibited by international humanitarian law pic.twitter.com/PDYtqyaPDm

— Amnesty North Africa (@AINorthAfrica) April 19, 2019

“The two invitations from President Macron completely changed the image and positioning of Haftar,” Virginie Collombier, an academic specializing in Libya at the European University Institute in Florence, told AFP.

The strongman’s bold move on Tripoli three weeks ago appeared to have taken the international community by surprise, but raised questions about possible French complicity – an idea firmly dismissed by Paris.

“It was a big shock,” said a diplomatic source at the foreign ministry, insisting France had “no prior knowledge” of the offensive.

Haftar’s campaign began barely two weeks after French Foreign Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian met him in his eastern stronghold of Benghazi during a ministerial trip on which he also met Sarraj.

‘High-Stakes Affair’

Michel Duclos, a former ambassador who advises the Paris-based think tank Institut Montaigne, said the April offensive was a “shocking rejection” of French support.

“In terms of image, this is a high-stakes affair for French diplomacy. It has given the impression in recent years of compromising with a dictator in the making,” he wrote in a briefing note.

“This risky attitude could be justified if it facilitates a way of passing on messages to Marshall Haftar which stop the fighting.”

Collombier said France’s proximity to Haftar meant it had “lost all credibility with some of the actors in Libya” and had also caused strains with E.U. partner Italy.

Rome has reacted with fury to what is perceived as a power grab by Macron in Libya, a former Italian colony, diplomats say.

Speaking in Paris on Wednesday, Le Drian urged both Sarraj and Haftar to “stick to the agreement” reached in Abu Dhabi in February, referring to talks between them at which they agreed to work towards organizing elections.

Bulwark Against Islamists?

French diplomatic sources have previously raised concerns about Sarraj’s apparent lack of influence and his alleged dependence on Islamist militias and the Muslim Brotherhood group.

He is backed by Qatar and Turkey, analysts say.

Haftar is increasingly seen by his allies, which include Russia and Egypt, as a bulwark against Islamists who gained a foothold after the 2011 uprising and NATO intervention that ousted dictator Moamer Kadhafi.

Haftar won overt backing from U.S. President Donald Trump last week too.

The White House said Trump “recognized Field Marshal Haftar’s significant role in fighting terrorism and securing Libya’s oil resources” during a phone call between the two men.

That came a day after Russia and the United States opposed a British bid at the U.N. Security Council, backed by France and Germany, to demand a ceasefire in Libya.