Hungarian MPs voted Tuesday to revoke anti-coronavirus emergency powers that triggered international criticism amid fears of a power grab by Prime Minister Viktor Orban.
Dominated by Orban’s ruling Fidesz party, parliament voted by 192 votes to none to request the government lift the “state of danger” and related special powers put in place to tackle the COVID-19 crisis. The government is now expected to formally lift the state of danger later this week.
However, MPs also approved a bill which according to critics would also enable the government to declare another so-called “state of medical crisis” and rule by decree in the future, potentially for an indefinite period.
Several prominent government-critical NGOs have warned in a joint statement that the revocation of the special powers is an “optical illusion” leaving the authorities with enhanced powers. A “coronavirus protection act” adopted by parliament on March 30 had enabled the cabinet to rule by decree until it decided to end the state of danger.
Orban, who implemented a relatively early lockdown to halt the spread of the virus, said that ruling by decree allowed him to respond quickly and effectively during the emergency.
Hungary’s population of almost 10 million has been lightly affected in comparison with other parts of Europe, reporting just over 4,000 infections of the novel coronavirus and around 560 deaths. But critics at home and abroad who warned that the law had no time limit and was vulnerable to abuse accused Orban of using the crisis to steer EU member Hungary toward authoritarianism.
In April the European Parliament approved a statement saying Hungary’s measures were “incompatible with European values.”
Governments that used the crisis to mount executive power grabs would be “politically dangerous, and morally unacceptable,” said Donald Tusk, leader of Europe’s EPP conservative political grouping, to which Fidesz also belongs.
Budapest dismissed the criticism as “fake news” and said the legislation was proportionate and could be rescinded at any time by parliament or reviewed by the constitutional court.
Previously when looking forward to the end of emergency powers, Orban has said that critics “will get a chance to apologize to Hungary for unfounded accusations about the law”.
Weakened Controls
Hungarian opposition parties and rights groups at home and abroad called the extra powers “dictatorial” and said Orban abused them to cement his rule rather than combat the virus.
They feared the powers would feed into the whittling away at independent institutions since Orban came to power in 2010 and launched a centralization drive that has transformed the judiciary, media landscape, and education system among other sectors.
Some of the more than 100 decrees issued since April stripped opposition-run municipalities of power and finances.
The emergency powers also included potential jail terms for “scaremongering” over the pandemic, sparking concern for press freedom and freedom of speech. Police opened more than 100 cases of suspected scaremongering and temporarily detained several people, although no cases came to court.
Agoston Mraz, director of the Nezopont Institute in Budapest, which is seen as close to the government, told AFP that “Orban realized that he can profit from the false criticism on the international stage and he used the situation.” “Now he is the absolute winner, in Hungary a large majority is satisfied with his crisis management, while abroad he won his fight against the critics,” he said.
However, according to a note from the Political Capital research firm “the government exploited the opportunities created by the special legal order and the political environment to the fullest extent.”
Changes ushered in by Orban’s government during the pandemic and which will remain in place weaken constitutional and parliamentary control over the government, while new financial measures increase the influence of Orban’s oligarch allies at the expense of opposition-led municipalities, said the note.
