A former hotel driver goes on trial in Paris on Monday, accused of complicity in Rwanda’s 1994 genocide by transporting Hutu militiamen who massacred hundreds of Tutsis.
Claude Muhayimana, whom investigators say also hid Tutsis at risk of death and helped some escape, fled after the genocide and gained French nationality in 2010. He faces a life sentence if convicted.
The genocide, one of the worst atrocities of the 20th century, saw 800,000 minority Tutsis and moderate members of the Hutu majority slaughtered in just three months, in massacres orchestrated and inflamed by the authorities.
Around 50 witnesses are expected testify at what will be the third trial of Rwandan genocide suspects in France, whose legal system grants universal jurisdiction to judges prosecuting crimes against humanity.
Three people have already been convicted: an army officer sentenced to 25 years in prison, and two mayors who were given life sentences.
But Muhayimana will be the first “ordinary” citizen to face justice having been considered “respectable all around” before the killings, said Alexandre Kiabski, a lawyer for the Collective of Civil Parties for Rwanda (CPCR), one of the plaintiffs.
He dismissed claims by the defence that Muhayimana had no choice but to obey the Hutu authorities, saying “there were other drivers who refused.”
Road repair agent
The trial is expected to last a month, and the dozens of witnesses include 15 from Rwanda. Covid-19 travel restrictions prompted judges to postpone the trial earlier this year.
Muhayimana was arrested in France in 2014 after an investigation by Paris prosecutors specialized in crimes against humanity that was prompted by a victims’ association.
He spent a year in preventive detention before being released on probation, when he resumed his work as a road repair agent in the northern French city of Rouen.
Now aged 60, he is accused of knowingly driving Hutu police and militiamen called the Interahamwe to carry out massacres in the western Kibuye region.
Tens of thousands of Tutsis were murdered as they sought shelter in schools, churches and hotels.
The executioners then turned their focus to neighboring areas, with witnesses saying they left each morning amid shouts of “exterminate them!”
Muhayimana, who was married to a Tutsi woman at the time, has denied the charges, saying he was not in Kibuye when the massacres took place.
‘Waiting 10 years’
Investigators also discovered that he had hidden Tutsis at risk of death and helped some flee.
“He is going to fully explain himself,” his lawyer Philippe Meilhac told AFP. “This is a man who has been waiting 10 years for this.”
France has generally refused requests to extradite suspects to Rwanda, prompting President Paul Kagame to accuse Paris of denying Rwanda jurisdiction.
But relations between the two countries have warmed considerably since a historians’ report commissioned by President Emmanuel Macron and released in March, recognized France’s “overwhelming” responsibilities in failing to halt the massacres.
That was followed by a visit by Macron to Kigali in May, when he acknowledged that his country had ignored warnings of the impending massacres while backing the genocidal regime.
“If this trial can contribute to the need for memory and pay homage to the victims, that’s already a lot,” said Nima Haeri, a lawyer for one of the civil plaintiffs.
Around 30 trials of other Rwanda genocide suspects remain to be heard by French courts.
